COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (UCATE-501)

WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM? EXPLAIN.
An operating system (OS) is the most important software that runs on a computer. It is a program that manages all other programs on the computer, including hardware resources like CPU, memory, and storage devices. It serves as an interface between the user and the computer hardware.
The primary functions of an operating system include:
Resource management: An operating system manages the computer hardware resources like CPU, memory, and storage devices to ensure that all running programs get the resources they need.
Process management: An operating system manages the processes (programs) running on the computer, including starting and stopping processes, allocating resources to processes, and scheduling processes to run on the CPU.
Memory management: An operating system manages the memory (RAM) used by processes, ensuring that they have access to the memory they need to run.
File management: An operating system manages the files on the computer, including creating, opening, reading, writing, and deleting files.
Security: An operating system provides security mechanisms to protect the computer from unauthorized access, viruses, and other malware.
Examples of popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS.

EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM?
An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. There are several types of operating systems, including:
Single-user/single-tasking: This type of operating system supports one user and one task at a time. Examples include MS-DOS and early versions of Mac OS.
Single-user/multi-tasking: This type of operating system allows one user to run multiple programs at the same time. Examples include Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.
Multi-user: This type of operating system supports multiple users and allows them to run programs and access files at the same time. Examples include UNIX, Linux, and Windows Server.
Real-time: This type of operating system is used in real-time applications where the computer must respond to events as they occur. Examples include systems used in manufacturing, scientific research, and medical equipment.
Embedded: This type of operating system is used in embedded systems, such as cell phones, PDAs, and digital cameras. These operating systems are designed to be compact and efficient.
Network: This type of operating system is used in networked environments where multiple computers are connected together. Examples include Novell NetWare and Windows NT Server.
Mobile: This type of operating system is used in mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Examples include Android, iOS, and Windows Mobile.
Each type of operating system has its own unique features and capabilities, and is designed to meet the specific needs of its users.

EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM?
An operating system (OS) is a software program that acts as an interface between the computer hardware and the applications that run on it. It provides a set of functions and services that facilitate the execution of computer programs and the management of computer resources. Here are some of the main functions of an operating system:
Process management: An operating system manages the execution of multiple processes at the same time. It allocates resources such as CPU time, memory, and input/output devices to these processes and schedules them to run efficiently.
Memory management: An operating system manages the computer's memory by allocating and deallocating memory for processes as needed. It also ensures that each process has access only to the memory it needs, protecting the system from unauthorized access.
File management: An operating system manages the computer's files and directories, including creating, reading, writing, deleting, and modifying files. It also provides services for managing disk space, file sharing, and file protection.
Device management: An operating system manages the computer's input/output devices, such as keyboards, mice, printers, and network devices. It provides device drivers that allow applications to communicate with these devices.
Security: An operating system provides security features to protect the computer from unauthorized access, viruses, and other malicious software. It also provides authentication and authorization services to ensure that users and applications have the proper permissions to access resources.
User interface: An operating system provides a user interface that allows users to interact with the computer and its applications. This can be a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface (CLI).
Overall, an operating system plays a crucial role in managing computer resources and providing a platform for applications to run efficiently.

EXPLAIN DIFFERENT GENERATIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM?
The generations of operating systems can be broadly categorized into five distinct phases. These are:
First Generation (1940s -1950s): This was the era of vacuum-tube computers, where operating systems did not exist. Instead, programmers worked directly on the hardware by manually flipping switches to execute machine code instructions.
Second Generation (1950s-1960s): With the invention of transistor technology, operating systems began to emerge. These early systems were designed to manage input/output operations and memory allocation. Examples include IBM's OS/360 and UNIVAC's EXEC.
Third Generation (1960s-1970s): With the development of mainframe computers, operating systems became more sophisticated. They were designed to support multiple users and processes simultaneously. These systems featured time-sharing and batch processing capabilities, enabling users to submit jobs and share resources. Examples include IBM's OS/MVT and DEC's TOPS-10.
Fourth Generation (1980s-1990s): With the advent of microcomputers, operating systems became more user-friendly and easier to operate. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) were introduced, which enabled users to interact with the system using icons and menus. Examples include Microsoft's Windows and Apple's Mac OS.
Fifth Generation (1990s-present): With the rise of networked computing and the internet, operating systems have evolved to become more interconnected and distributed. The emphasis is on interoperability and compatibility, enabling users to access resources across multiple platforms and devices. Examples include Linux, Android, and iOS.
Each generation of operating system has built on the previous one, incorporating new features and capabilities to meet the evolving needs of users and organizations.

EXPLAIN THE STRUCTURE OF OPERATING SYSTEM?
The operating system (OS) is a complex piece of software that is responsible for managing the resources of a computer system, including hardware, software, and data. The structure of an operating system is typically divided into several layers, each of which is responsible for a specific set of tasks. Here are the main layers of an operating system:
Kernel: The kernel is the core of the operating system, responsible for managing hardware resources such as memory, CPU, and input/output devices. It provides an interface between the hardware and the higher-level software components.
Device drivers: Device drivers are software modules that provide the interface between the operating system and hardware devices, such as printers, keyboards, and network adapters.
System libraries: System libraries are collections of reusable code that provide common functionality to higher-level software components. They include routines for file management, memory management, and networking.
Shell: The shell is the user interface to the operating system. It provides a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI) for users to interact with the system.
Applications: Applications are software programs that run on top of the operating system. They are designed to perform specific tasks, such as word processing, web browsing, or video editing.
Overall, the structure of an operating system is designed to provide a reliable and efficient environment for running software applications, while managing the resources of the computer system in a secure and efficient way.

EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ABOUT FILE SYSTEM AND MANAGEMENT?
File Concept: A file is a collection of related information that is stored on a secondary storage device like a hard disk. Files can be of different types, sizes, and formats, and they may contain different kinds of data, such as text, images, audio, video, or binary code.
Access Methods: The two main access methods for files are sequential and direct access. Sequential access means that data is accessed in the order it is stored, while direct access allows for data to be accessed directly by its location or index.
File Types: Files can be classified into various types based on their content, format, and purpose. Some common file types include text files, binary files, image files, audio files, video files, and executable files.
File Operations: The basic file operations include creating a new file, opening an existing file, reading from a file, writing to a file, and closing a file. Other file operations may include renaming, deleting, copying, moving, and searching for files.
Directory Structure: A directory is a file that contains a list of other files and directories. The directory structure provides a hierarchical organization of files and directories, allowing for easy navigation and management of files.
File System Structure: The file system structure refers to the way in which files and directories are organized and managed on a storage device. There are different file system structures used by different operating systems, such as FAT, NTFS, HFS+, and ext4.
Allocation Methods: There are three main allocation methods used for file storage: contiguous, linked, and indexed. Contiguous allocation assigns consecutive blocks of storage space to a file, linked allocation links blocks of storage space together using pointers, and indexed allocation uses an index to track the location of file blocks.
Free-Space Management: Free-space management refers to the way in which free space on a storage device is tracked and allocated for new files. Common methods include bit vector, linked list, and grouping.
Directory Implementation: There are different ways to implement directories, such as using a linear list or hash table. A linear list simply lists the files and directories in a sequential order, while a hash table uses a hash function to map file names to their corresponding directory entries.
Efficiency and Performance: The efficiency and performance of a file system depend on various factors, such as the file system structure, allocation method, free-space management, and directory implementation. The efficiency can be measured in terms of speed, space utilization, reliability, and security.

WHAT IS SYSTEM CALL?
A system call is a request made by a process running in a user space to the operating system kernel for performing privileged operations, such as accessing hardware resources or system-level services. It acts as an interface between user-level applications and the operating system kernel.
System calls allow user-level programs to execute privileged operations, such as reading and writing files, creating network connections, and managing processes. These operations require access to the system's resources, which are protected by the kernel.
When a process makes a system call, it switches from user mode to kernel mode, and the CPU transfers control to the operating system kernel. The kernel then performs the requested operation and returns control to the user-level process, which continues execution from where it left off.
System calls are fundamental to the functioning of operating systems and are used extensively by applications, libraries, and programming languages to access operating system services. Common examples of system calls include read, write, open, close, fork, exec, and exit.

WHAT IS SYSTEM BOOT?
System boot, also known as "booting up" or "bootstrapping," refers to the process of starting up a computer system. When you turn on your computer, the system goes through a series of steps to initialize its hardware components, load its operating system, and prepare itself for use. This process is known as booting.
During the boot process, the system BIOS (basic input/output system) performs a power-on self-test (POST) to check the hardware components such as the CPU, memory, and storage devices. The BIOS then searches for the boot loader, which is a small piece of software that is responsible for loading the operating system into memory.
Once the boot loader loads the operating system, the system continues to initialize and load other system software and device drivers before presenting the user with a login prompt or desktop environment.
In summary, system boot refers to the process of starting up a computer system, where the BIOS performs a POST, loads the boot loader, and initializes the hardware and software components necessary for the operating system to run.

WHAT IS SYSTEM PROGRAM?
A system program is a type of computer program that is designed to manage and control the operation of a computer system. Unlike application programs that are designed to perform specific tasks for the user, system programs are responsible for managing the hardware, software, and resources of a computer system.
Some examples of system programs include:
Operating system (OS): The OS is the most important system program, as it manages all the hardware resources, such as the CPU, memory, and input/output devices.
Device drivers: These programs provide the interface between the operating system and the hardware devices, such as printers, scanners, and sound cards.
Utilities: These programs provide various tools for managing and optimizing the performance of the system, such as disk defragmentation, virus scanning, and backup.
Compiler and Interpreter: These programs are responsible for converting source code written in high-level languages into machine code that can be executed by the computer.
Overall, system programs are essential components of a computer system that help to ensure that it runs smoothly and efficiently.

WHAT IS PROCESS STATE?
In computing, a process state refers to the status of a running program or task in a computer system at any given point in time. The state of a process can be described using various terms, but generally falls into one of the following categories:
Running state: The process is currently executing and using CPU resources.
Ready state: The process is waiting for the CPU to become available to execute its instructions.
Blocked or Waiting state: The process is unable to proceed due to a certain condition, such as waiting for input/output or waiting for a resource to become available.
Suspended state: The process has been temporarily stopped or paused by the system, but it still retains its state in memory and can be resumed at a later time.
Zombie state: The process has completed its execution, but its parent process has not yet acknowledged its termination.
The ability to manage and manipulate process states is an important aspect of operating systems and programming, as it helps to optimize the utilization of system resources and ensure the smooth execution of tasks.

WHAT IS PROCESS SCHEDULING?
Process scheduling is the activity performed by the operating system to manage the execution of multiple processes or threads in a computer system. When multiple processes are competing for the same resources, such as CPU time, memory, and input/output devices, the operating system must schedule them in a way that ensures efficient use of the resources and fair access to them.
The process scheduler is responsible for selecting which process or thread should execute next and allocating the necessary resources for it. The scheduler uses various algorithms to determine the order in which processes should be executed, based on factors such as priority, waiting time, and CPU utilization.
There are different types of process scheduling algorithms, including:
First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS): Schedules processes in the order they arrive, with the first process that arrives being executed first.
Shortest-Job-First (SJF): Schedules processes based on their execution time, with the shortest process being executed first.
Round-Robin (RR): Schedules processes in a time-sharing manner, with each process being given a fixed time slice to execute before being preempted and replaced with another process.
Priority-based scheduling: Schedules processes based on their priority level, with higher priority processes being executed first.
Multi-level feedback queue scheduling: A combination of several scheduling algorithms, where processes are categorized into different queues based on their characteristics, and each queue has a different priority level and scheduling algorithm.
Process scheduling is an essential part of modern operating systems, allowing multiple processes to run concurrently and efficiently utilize the available resources.

WHAT IS LINUX/UNIX?
Linux and UNIX are operating systems that are widely used in the computing world. They are both known for their stability, security, and flexibility, and are used in a variety of applications, from servers to desktops to mobile devices.
UNIX is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that were developed in the 1970s by AT&T Bell Labs. It was initially designed for mainframe computers but has since been adapted for a variety of computing platforms, including servers, workstations, and mobile devices. UNIX is known for its stability, security, and scalability, and is used primarily in enterprise-level applications.
Linux, on the other hand, is a free and open-source operating system that was initially developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as a hobby project. It is based on the UNIX architecture but is not a direct descendant of any particular UNIX system. Linux is known for its stability, security, and flexibility, and is used in a variety of applications, from servers to desktops to mobile devices.
Both Linux and UNIX are command-line driven operating systems, but they also have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) available. They are both known for their stability, security, and flexibility, and are used in a variety of applications, from servers to desktops to mobile devices.

WHAT IS WINDOW?
In computer science, a window refers to a graphical interface element that displays the content of an application on a computer screen. It is a rectangular area on the screen that can display text, graphics, or other multimedia content.
Windows can be resized, minimized, maximized, moved, and closed by the user, and multiple windows can be open simultaneously, allowing for multitasking. The concept of windows was popularized by the graphical user interface (GUI) of the Apple Macintosh in the 1980s and later adopted by Microsoft Windows and other operating systems.
Each window is associated with a program, file, or document, and its content can be manipulated by the user through various interface elements such as buttons, menus, and scrollbars. Windows provide a convenient way to organize and access multiple applications and documents simultaneously, improving productivity and user experience.
Android is an open-source, mobile operating system developed by Google for smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices. It is based on the Linux kernel and was first released in 2008. Android is the most popular mobile operating system globally and is used by many different device manufacturers, such as Samsung, LG, and Motorola.

WHAT IS ANDROID?
Android is an open-source, mobile operating system developed by Google for smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices. It is based on the Linux kernel and was first released in 2008. Android is the most popular mobile operating system globally and is used by many different device manufacturers, such as Samsung, LG, and Motorola.
Android is known for its user-friendly interface, extensive app store (Google Play Store), and customizable features. It allows users to personalize their devices by installing different apps, widgets, and themes. Android also offers features like Google Assistant, Google Maps, and Google Photos, among others.
Android is constantly evolving, with new versions and updates being released regularly. It is an essential component of the mobile industry and has enabled the development of a vast ecosystem of apps and services that have transformed the way people use their mobile devices.

WHAT IS THE CONCEPT OF VIRTUAL MACHINE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE?
In computer science, a virtual machine (VM) is a software program that emulates a physical machine, providing a way to run multiple operating systems (OS) on a single physical machine or server.
A virtual machine allows multiple operating systems to run on the same physical hardware, with each operating system running as if it were the only operating system on the machine. The virtual machine provides a layer of abstraction between the operating system and the hardware, allowing the operating system to interact with the virtual machine instead of the physical hardware.
Virtual machines are often used for server consolidation, testing software on different operating systems, and creating isolated environments for running applications that may not be compatible with the host operating system. They also provide a means to sandbox potentially dangerous or malicious code and limit its access to system resources.
There are two main types of virtual machines: system virtual machines and process virtual machines. System virtual machines provide a complete virtualized system, including a virtualized operating system, hardware, and devices, while process virtual machines provide a virtualized environment for running a single application or process.
Overall, virtual machines are a powerful tool for managing and utilizing computer resources efficiently, and have become an important part of modern computing infrastructure.

Celebrating Gandhi Jayanti with Zest and Zeal: A Rally and Slogan Event at GDC Billawar

Gandhi Jayanti, celebrated on 2nd October every year, marks the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation. It is a day to remember and honor the principles of non-violence, truth, and civil disobedience that Gandhi advocated throughout his life. 

At Government Degree College (GDC) Billawar, this important day is commemorated with great enthusiasm through a rally and slogan event that brings the entire college community together.Gandhi Jayanti Celebration at GDC Billawar:GDC Billawar has a rich tradition of celebrating Gandhi Jayanti, and the event on 2nd October is a highlight of the college's cultural calendar. The celebration begins with a flag hoisting ceremony in the early morning, where the national flag and the flag of GDC Billawar are unfurled with great pride. 

This is followed by a moment of silence to pay homage to Mahatma Gandhi and his contributions to India's freedom struggle.Rally for Peace and Harmony:One of the most significant aspects of the Gandhi Jayanti celebration at GDC Billawar is the peace rally. Students, faculty, and staff of the college gather in large numbers to participate in this rally that winds its way through the campus and nearby areas.

 

The rally is a symbol of unity, promoting peace, and emphasizing the importance of non-violence in today's world.Slogan Shouts for a Better Tomorrow:During the rally, participants carry placards and banners with inspiring messages related to Gandhian values, peace, and social harmony. They also engage in enthusiastic slogan shouting to spread the messages of truth and non-violence. Slogans like "A Non-violent Nation is a Strong Nation," "Be the Change You Wish to See in the World," and "In a Gentle Way, You Can Shake the World" resonate through the air, leaving a powerful impact on the onlookers.Educational Sessions and Cultural Programs:Apart from the rally, GDC Billawar also organizes educational sessions and cultural programs on Gandhi Jayanti.

 These sessions aim to educate students about the life and teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. Experts are often invited to speak on topics like Gandhian philosophy, civil disobedience, and the relevance of his principles in the modern world.Promoting Civic Engagement:Gandhi Jayanti at GDC Billawar goes beyond mere celebration. It is an opportunity for the college community to engage in meaningful discussions about current issues and how Gandhian principles can be applied to address them. Students are encouraged to think critically about social problems and come up with peaceful and constructive solutions.Conclusion:Celebrating Gandhi Jayanti at GDC Billawar is not just a commemoration but a reiteration of the values that Mahatma Gandhi lived and died for. 

Through the rally, slogan shouting, and educational sessions, the college community reaffirms its commitment to non-violence, truth, and social harmony. It is a day when the spirit of Gandhi is very much alive, inspiring the students of GDC Billawar to be the change-makers of tomorrow.

"NSS Volunteers Commemorate Gandhi Jayanti with a Grand Cleanliness Drive"

Gandhi Jayanti, celebrated on the 2nd of October each year, marks the birth anniversary of the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi. This day is not just a national holiday but an occasion to remember and celebrate the principles of truth, non-violence, and cleanliness that he espoused throughout his life. In a fitting tribute to this great leader, NSS volunteers across the nation took part in a cleanliness drive on September 16th to honor his legacy. This article sheds light on how these dedicated volunteers came together to clean their college campus and promote Gandhian ideals.

Commemoration: To commemorate Gandhi Jayanti, NSS volunteers decided to embark on a cleanliness drive a few days in advance. On September 16th, they converged at their college campus with brooms, shovels, and an unwavering spirit to make a difference. This initiative was not just about cleaning physical spaces but also about upholding the values that Mahatma Gandhi held dear.Cleaning the College Campus: The NSS volunteers divided themselves into teams, each responsible for a different section of the college campus. They meticulously cleaned classrooms, corridors, the library, and the surrounding areas. The campus, which had witnessed the footprints of countless students over the years, was given a fresh lease of life

The Spirit of NSS: The National Service Scheme (NSS) is a youth-focused initiative in India that aims to instill a sense of social responsibility and community service among college students. NSS volunteers from various colleges and universities play an active role in serving their communities through various activities, including cleanliness drives.Cleanliness Drive in .Promoting Gandhian Ideals: As they toiled under the sun, the NSS volunteers didn't just pick up litter; they also engaged in meaningful conversations about the relevance of Gandhian ideals in today's world. They discussed the importance of truth, non-violence, and cleanliness in building a better society. Through their actions, they exemplified these principles.Inspiring Others: The cleanliness drive was not limited to the NSS volunteers alone.

 Their dedication and enthusiasm attracted the attention of other students and faculty members, who joined in to support the cause. This collective effort showcased the power of unity and the impact of simple yet meaningful actions.Conclusion: Celebrating Gandhi Jayanti by participating in a cleanliness drive is a beautiful way to pay homage to Mahatma Gandhi's legacy. The NSS volunteers, by cleaning their college campus, not only contributed to a cleaner environment but also spread the timeless message of truth, non-violence, and cleanliness. As we remember the Mahatma on his birth anniversary, let us take inspiration from these young volunteers and strive to incorporate his values into our daily lives, just as they have done in their own unique way.

NSS UNIT OF GDC BILLAWAR ORGANIZED ''SPORTS PROGRAMME '' ON THE OCCASION OF NATIONAL SPORTS DAY. REGARDS, *NSS UNIT GDC BILLAWAR* #NSSUNIT #GDCBILLAWARLIVE

Title: NSS Unit of GDC Billawar Organizes Sports Programme on National Sports Day

The National Service Scheme (NSS) Unit of Government Degree College (GDC), Billawar, showcased their commitment to promoting physical fitness and community engagement by organizing a vibrant "Sports Programme" in celebration of National Sports Day. The event, marked by enthusiasm and fervor, aimed to not only commemorate the birth anniversary of the legendary hockey player Major Dhyan Chand but also to encourage students to embrace an active and healthy lifestyle.

On the occasion of National Sports Day, the NSS Unit of GDC Billawar took the initiative to organize a Sports Programme that brought together students, faculty, and staff members in a spirit of camaraderie and healthy competition. The event was a testament to the NSS Unit's dedication to fostering a sense of community and instilling values of teamwork, discipline, and perseverance among the participants.

The Sports Programme, organized under the banner of #NSSUNIT and #GDCBILLAWARLIVE, featured a diverse range of sports and activities that catered to various interests and skill levels. From traditional track and field events like races and relays to friendly matches of popular sports like football, volleyball, and basketball, the event had something for everyone.

The significance of National Sports Day was not lost on the participants, as they engaged wholeheartedly in the various sports activities. The event served as a reminder of the role sports play in promoting physical and mental well-being, fostering leadership qualities, and nurturing a sense of unity among individuals.

The NSS Unit of GDC Billawar deserves applause for their efforts in conceptualizing and executing this Sports Programme. By promoting physical fitness and a sense of community, they embody the core principles of the NSS and contribute to the holistic development of the students.

In conclusion, the NSS Unit of GDC Billawar's "Sports Programme" on National Sports Day was a resounding success. The event not only celebrated the legacy of Major Dhyan Chand but also highlighted the NSS Unit's commitment to nurturing a healthy and active student community. Through this initiative, they have exemplified the true essence of sportsmanship and unity. Kudos to the NSS Unit for their dedicated efforts, and here's to more such impactful initiatives in the future.

Warm Regards,

NSS Unit GDC Billawar

JKBOPEE declared Result/Provisional Merit list

JKBOPEE declared Result/Provisional Merit list for admissions to BSC NURSING/PARAMEDICAL/Bsc Technology of the entrance test conducted on 11th june, 2023 for the session 2023. 

👇👇

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JKBOSE class 11th result declared

*JKBOSE class 11th result declared*

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Pdf vol. 1

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#REVISED #DATESHEET OF #UG 5TH #SEMESTER (SUPPLY./CBCS) EXAM - #2022 TO BE HELD IN #2023

#REVISED #DATESHEET OF #UG 5TH #SEMESTER (SUPPLY./CBCS) EXAM - #2022 TO BE HELD IN #2023

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JKBOSE 10th Result 2023, Declared, check result, Direct link Available*

*JKBOSE 10th Result 2023, Declared, check result, Direct link Available* 

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Big Announcement For J&K Students J&K Government Allow Admission on the basis of 12th merit in Colleges Students who couldn't appear in CUET 2023 to be given opportunity to take admission in subjects, colleges of their choice.

Big Announcement For J&K Students J&K Government Allow Admission on the basis of 12th merit in Colleges Students who couldn't appear in CUET 2023 to be given opportunity to take admission in subjects, colleges of their choice.

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Download your Marksheet Of UG 3rd Sem CBCS

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Notice

*From Semester Fourth To Semester Fifth.*

A student will be eligible for promotion from Semester-IV to V provided he/she has Earned atleast 50% of the total Credits for the subjects/papers of theory /practicals of Semester-III as the case may be and passed in Internal Assessment atleast 75% of the subjects/papers of Semester-IV..

If it's not done, then there is no admision in semester 5th..

@gdcbillawarlive

FOR B.A/B.COM :- *In Semester Third:* 

Total Credits : 22 Credits

Minimum credit for Admissions: 10 Credits

Main 3 Core Courses (papers) have 6 Credits each i.e 6+6+6=18 credits and Skill Enhancement Course (SEC) have 04 Credits , So total credit is 6+6+6+4=22 credits , For admission 50% Credits required i.e 10 Credits.

FOR B.SC (Medical/Non Medical :-

 *In Semester Third:* 

Total Credits : 24 Credits

Minimum credit for Admissions: 12 Credits

Main 3 Core Courses (papers) have 6 Credits each i.e 6+6+6=18 credits, ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE(AECC) have 02 credits and Skill Enhancement Course (SEC) have 04 Credits , So total credit is 6+6+6+4+4=24 credits , For admission 50% Credits required i.e 12 Credits

FOR BCA:-

 *In Semester Third:* 

Total Credits : 22 Credits

Minimum credit for Admissions: 10 Credits

Main 4 Core Courses (papers) 01 Main Paper(c9) have 06 Credits other 03 main Papers have 04 Credits each i.e 06+04+04+04=18 credits and Skill Enhancement Course (SEC) have 04 Credits , So total credit is 06+04+04+04+04=22 credits , For admission 50% Credits required i.e 10 Credits.

NTA re-opens registration for Common University Entrance Test [CUET (PG)]-2023

The National Testing Agency (NTA), an autonomous organization under the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India, has announced the re-opening of the registration for the Common University Entrance Test [CUET (PG)]-2023 Examination. The registration for the entrance test was initially over on 5 May 2023, and a correction facility was given to the candidates from 6 to 8 May 2023. However, due to numerous requests from candidates who could not complete their registration earlier, the NTA has decided to re-open the registration window.

The decision to re-open the registration window has been taken to support the students' community. The opportunity is being provided for all those candidates who could not complete their registration earlier, as well as for those who want to apply as fresh candidates for the CUET (PG) - 2023. The receiving of online application forms for the entrance test will start on 9 May 2023 and will continue until 11 May 2023, with the last date for receiving fee particulars being 13 May 2023.

The candidates who apply during this period will also have the option of editing their application form in the correction window, which will be opened once again only for applicants who have applied now and who have not used the option of editing their application form in the correction window period from 6 May 2023 to 8 May 2023. However, the candidates are advised to fill their particulars of the online application form very carefully as no further chance for correction will be given.

In case any candidate faces difficulty in applying for CUET (PG)-2023, he/she may contact 011-40759000/ 011-69227700 or e-mail at cuet-pg@nta.ac.in. The candidates are also advised to be in touch with the NTA website(s) www.nta.ac.in and https://cuet.nta.nic.in/ for the latest updates regarding the examination.

The CUET (PG)-2023 is an important examination for students aspiring to pursue postgraduate courses in various universities across India. Therefore, the re-opening of the registration window is a welcome move for those candidates who could not complete their registration earlier. The NTA's decision to re-open the registration window reflects their commitment to ensuring that no student is left behind and that everyone gets an equal opportunity to pursue their academic dreams.

Release of Admit Cards for NEET (UG)-2023 by National Testing Agency (NTA)

The National Testing Agency (NTA) is an autonomous organization under the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India, that is responsible for conducting various national-level entrance examinations in India. One such examination is the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) for undergraduate courses in medical and dental colleges in India.

On 03 May 2023, the NTA released a public notice announcing the release of admit cards for candidates appearing for NEET (UG)-2023. The examination is scheduled to be conducted on 07 May 2023, at different centres located in 499 cities throughout the country, including 14 cities outside India. The admit cards for NEET (UG)-2023 can be downloaded from the website https://neet.nta.nic.in/ using the candidate's application number and date of birth. The download link was made available from 11:30 AM onwards on the same day.

The NEET (UG) examination is considered one of the most significant entrance exams in India, as it serves as the sole gateway for admission to undergraduate medical and dental courses offered by various government and private colleges in India. Every year, lakhs of students appear for this examination, making it highly competitive. The NTA plays a vital role in conducting the examination in a fair and transparent manner.

The NTA follows a rigorous process for conducting the NEET (UG) examination, starting from the registration of candidates, allocation of examination centres, release of admit cards, and conducting the examination. The agency has established several guidelines and protocols to ensure the smooth conduct of the examination and prevent malpractices.

Apart from NEET (UG), the NTA conducts several other national-level entrance examinations in India, including Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) for undergraduate engineering courses, National Eligibility Test (NET) for university-level teaching positions, and Common Management Admission Test (CMAT) for postgraduate management courses, among others.

In conclusion, the NTA plays a crucial role in conducting various national-level entrance examinations in India, including NEET (UG). The release of admit cards for NEET (UG)-2023 is an essential step towards the smooth conduct of the examination. It is commendable to see the NTA's efforts in ensuring a fair and transparent examination process, which serves as a critical factor in maintaining the integrity of the examination and upholding the trust of the students and educational institutions.

Postponement of PST/PET of Constable (GD) in CAPFs, SSF, Rifleman (GD) in Assam Rifles, and Sepoy in Narcotics Control Bureau Examination, 2022

The PST/PET of Constable (GD) in Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), SSF, Rifleman (GD) in Assam Rifles, and Sepoy in Narcotics Control Bureau Examination, 2022 which was scheduled to be held on 24th April 2023, has been postponed. The Directorate General of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) has announced that the new date for PET/PST of Constable (GD) Exam 2022 will be intimated soon.

This announcement has come as a disappointment for the candidates who were eagerly waiting for the examination. The PST/PET is a crucial step in the recruitment process of these posts. The Physical Standard Test (PST) and Physical Efficiency Test (PET) are conducted to assess the physical fitness and endurance of the candidates. The candidates who qualify for these tests are eligible to appear for the written examination.

The decision to postpone the examination has been taken due to the prevailing situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has affected the conduct of various recruitment processes across the country. The government has been taking all necessary measures to ensure the safety of the candidates and the staff involved in the recruitment process.

The Directorate General of CRPF has advised the candidates to treat the admit card sent to them at their registered email ID as null and void. The new admit card will be issued once the new date for PET/PST is announced. The candidates are advised to regularly check the official website of the recruitment authority for updates regarding the examination.

It is important for the candidates to stay focused and motivated despite the postponement of the examination. They should continue their preparation and maintain their physical fitness to ensure they are fully prepared for the upcoming tests. The candidates should also adhere to the COVID-19 guidelines and take all necessary precautions to stay safe and healthy.

In conclusion, the postponement of the PST/PET of Constable (GD) in CAPFs, SSF, Rifleman (GD) in Assam Rifles, and Sepoy in Narcotics Control Bureau Examination, 2022 has been a setback for the candidates. However, it is a necessary step to ensure the safety and well-being of everyone involved in the recruitment process. The candidates should continue their preparation and stay updated with the official announcements regarding the new date for PET/PST.

"Three-Day Workshop on Skill Development: Exploring Sericulture as an Alternative Source of Employment in Jammu & Kashmir"

The Department of Zoology in collaboration with IQAC & IIC, Government Degree College Billawar, Jammu & Kashmir, India is organizing a three-day workshop on Skill Development from 10th -12th April 2023 at Multipurpose Hall, GDC Billawar. The theme of the workshop is Sericulture; An Alternate source of Employment.

The workshop aims to provide participants with practical knowledge and skills required for sericulture, which is an alternative source of income for the people of the region. Sericulture is the practice of raising silkworms for the production of silk. This industry has been providing employment and income opportunities to many people in the region, especially those who live in rural areas.

The workshop will be held under the aegis of G20 and Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsiv, and the Patron for the workshop is Shri Alok Kumar (IRS), Principal Secretary to Government, Higher Education Department, J&K. Dr. Alka Sharma, Principal, Government Degree College, Billawar, J&K, is the Co-Patron.

The Convener of the workshop is Prof. Lekh Raj, Co-ordinator IQAC, and Head of the Department of Zoology, GDC Billawar, J&K, and the Organizing Secretary is Prof. (Dr.) Yasmeen Ashai, Director Colleges, Higher Education Department, J&K. Dr. Shamim Ahmed Bandey from the Department of Zoology, GDC Billawar, J&K, is also a part of the organizing committee.

The workshop will include lectures and hands-on training on various aspects of sericulture, such as rearing of silkworms, silk production, processing, and marketing. The workshop will also cover topics such as the economic potential of sericulture, the role of government policies in promoting sericulture, and the environmental impact of sericulture.

The workshop is open to students, researchers, and anyone interested in sericulture. The registration fee for the workshop is minimal, and interested individuals can contact Dr. Shamim Bandey at 9419193296 or dr.sanb20@gmail.com for any queries related to the workshop.

In conclusion, the three-day workshop on Skill Development organized by the Department of Zoology in collaboration with IQAC & IIC, Government Degree College Billawar, Jammu & Kashmir, India, is an excellent opportunity for participants to learn about sericulture, an alternative source of income for the people of the region. The workshop will provide practical knowledge and skills required for sericulture and is open to anyone interested in the field.

Attention B.A./B.Sc./B.Com./B.C.A. Students: Link Aadhar with Bank Account Number for Post-Matric Scholarships

Attention B.A./B.Sc./B.Com./B.C.A. students! If you have applied for Post-Matric Scholarships in SC, ST Minority, etc categories on the National Scholarship Portal, then it is crucial to note that the Ministry is unable to process the number of payments as the maximum Bank Account number has not been seeded with the Aadhar number. Therefore, all candidates who have applied for the Post-Matric Scholarships are directed to link the Bank Account Number with the Aadhar Number within two days.

The Scholarships Committee of GDC Billawar has issued a notice to all the students of B.A./B.Sc./B.Com./B.C.A. Semester 2nd, 4th, and 6th who have applied for Post-Matric Scholarships on the National Scholarship Portal. The notice emphasizes the importance of linking Bank Account Number with the Aadhar Number within two days to ensure the smooth processing of scholarship payments.

The Aadhar card is a unique identification number issued by the Government of India to its citizens. It is a 12-digit unique identification number that is assigned to every resident of India based on their biometric and demographic data. Aadhar has become an essential document for various services and welfare schemes offered by the government, including scholarships.

The National Scholarship Portal is an online platform that provides a single-window access to scholarship schemes offered by various government bodies. Students can apply for these scholarships through the portal and track their application status.

The Scholarships Committee has urged the students to link their Bank Account Number with the Aadhar Number as soon as possible to avoid any delay in the processing of scholarship payments. It is a mandatory requirement for availing the benefits of various scholarship schemes offered by the government.

To link the Bank Account Number with the Aadhar Number, students need to visit their bank's branch or the online banking portal. They need to provide their Aadhar Number and other necessary details to complete the linking process.

In conclusion, B.A./B.Sc./B.Com./B.C.A. students who have applied for Post-Matric Scholarships on the National Scholarship Portal should link their Bank Account Number with the Aadhar Number within two days to ensure the smooth processing of scholarship payments. The Scholarships Committee of GDC Billawar urges the students to comply with this requirement as soon as possible to avoid any delay in the disbursement of scholarship amounts.

Navratri Cultural Fest 2023: NCC and NSS Unit Celebrate in Style TRADITIONAL DAY

On 29th March 2023, the National Cadet Corps (NCC) and National Service Scheme (NSS) unit of Government Degree College (GDC) Billawar celebrated a cultural event in the Multipurpose Hall to mark the auspicious occasion of Navratri Festival. This festival is celebrated for nine days and is dedicated to the worship of the Hindu goddess Durga, who symbolizes power and prosperity.

The event witnessed enthusiastic participation from a majority of the students of the college, who showcased their cultural prowess through various activities like debates, dance, and songs. The main theme of the event was to encourage the students to uphold their cultural heritage and pass it on to future generations.

The event began with a traditional lamp lighting ceremony, followed by a welcome speech by the college principal, who emphasized the significance of the Navratri Festival and how it celebrates the victory of good over evil. He also emphasized the importance of preserving and promoting our cultural heritage.

The first segment of the event was a debate competition where the students were divided into teams and given topics related to culture and tradition. The debates were intense and thought-provoking, and the students displayed their knowledge and research on the topics with great enthusiasm.

The second segment of the event was a dance competition where the students showcased their talent and skills in traditional folk dances. The performances were captivating and energetic, and the audience was mesmerized by the grace and beauty of the performances.

The final segment of the event was a musical performance where the students sang traditional folk songs and bhajans, which added to the festive fervor of the occasion. The melodious renditions by the students were a treat to the ears and brought a sense of peace and serenity to the audience.

The event was not just a celebration of the Navratri Festival, but also a reminder to the students to be proud of their culture and heritage and to pass it on to future generations. The cultural event organized by the NCC and NSS unit of GDC Billawar was a great success, and it highlighted the importance of preserving and promoting our cultural heritage in a fast-changing world.

In conclusion, the Navratri cultural event organized by the NCC and NSS unit of GDC Billawar was a celebration of our cultural diversity and traditions. The students' enthusiastic participation and performances were a testament to their love and pride for their cultural heritage. Such events play an important role in promoting cultural awareness and unity among the youth, and they help in preserving our rich cultural heritage for generations to come.

Trimoorti Balidan Diwas Tribute Program Organized by NSS and NCC at a Government Degree College

On the occasion of Trimoorti Balidan Diwas, the National Service Scheme (NSS) and National Cadet Corps (NCC) organized a solemn tribute program at a government degree college to pay homage to the martyrs Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev. The college principal was present at the event.

Trimoorti Balidan Diwas is observed every year on March 23rd to commemorate the supreme sacrifice made by Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev for the freedom of our country. These three freedom fighters were hanged to death on this day in the year 1931.

The NSS and NCC organized the tribute program at a government degree college to remember the valiant efforts of these brave soldiers who laid down their lives for the nation. The program was attended by students, faculty members, and other dignitaries.

During the program, the college principal delivered a speech on the significance of Trimoorti Balidan Diwas and paid his respects to the martyrs. He emphasized the importance of remembering the sacrifices made by our freedom fighters and urged the students to carry forward their legacy.

The program also included a minute of silence in memory of the martyrs, followed by the laying of wreaths at their portraits. The students and faculty members paid their tributes by offering flowers and lighting candles.

The Trimoorti Balidan Diwas program organized by the NSS and NCC at the government degree college was a touching and emotional tribute to the martyrs Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev. It served as a reminder to all of us of the sacrifices made by our freedom fighters and the importance of preserving their legacy for future generations.

Syllabus UG Downloads | Jammu University

 Jammu University offers a diverse range of undergraduate programs to its students, and the syllabus for all semesters is now available for download on its official website. The syllabus provides a detailed outline of the course curriculum, including the topics covered, the duration of the course, and the marking scheme. Students are encouraged to download and use the syllabus as a reference guide throughout their academic journey.

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The syllabus for undergraduate programs is available for download in PDF format, which makes it easily accessible to students. It can be accessed by visiting the official website of Jammu University and clicking on the "Syllabus-UG Downloads" link under the "Student" section. Once the page opens, students can select the program they are enrolled in and the semester for which they need the syllabus.

The availability of the syllabus in digital format has several advantages. Firstly, it saves time and effort for students who would otherwise have to physically visit the university or library to obtain a copy of the syllabus. Secondly, students can easily search for specific topics or keywords within the document, which can be helpful for exam preparation.

The syllabus for undergraduate programs covers a wide range of topics, including core subjects, electives, and additional courses. It is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and help students develop critical thinking skills. Additionally, the syllabus includes details of practical sessions, which are an integral part of the undergraduate curriculum.

University of Jammu releases result gazette for the 4th semester examination (Non-CBCS) 2022

Certainly!

The University of Jammu has released the result gazette for the fourth semester examination (Non-CBCS) 2022 for B.A./B.Sc./B.Com/BCA Three Year Degree (General) Course. This is the result of the re-evaluation process conducted by the university.

The result gazette has been published by the Controller of Examinations, University of Jammu, Jammu. It is important to note that errors and omissions are excepted in this result, which means that any mistakes found in the gazette will be corrected as soon as possible.

This announcement is significant for the students who appeared for the fourth semester examination in 2022. The re-evaluation process provides an opportunity for students to have their answer sheets reviewed by examiners for any discrepancies or errors that may have been made during the original evaluation process.

The University of Jammu is one of the premier universities in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and it is committed to providing quality education to its students. The university conducts regular examinations to assess the academic progress of its students, and the re-evaluation process is a crucial part of this assessment.

Overall, the release of the result gazette for the fourth semester examination (Non-CBCS) 2022 is an important announcement for students of the University of Jammu. It provides them with a chance to review their results and ensure that they have been fairly evaluated. The university's commitment to transparency and accuracy in the evaluation process is commendable, and it is a testament to the high standards of education that it provides to its students.

CUET UG 2023 Application Process: Extension of Deadline and Important Dates

In this video, we will be discussing the CUET UG 2023 application process. Recently, the UGC Chief announced that the online application form submission deadline for CUET UG 2023 has been extended. Now, candidates can submit their application form until March 30.

If you have not made your payment yet, you can do so until March 30. In addition, a correction window for CUET UG 2023 application will also be opened, during which you can make any corrections to your form from April 1 to April 3.

Moreover, the announcement of the CUET UG 2023 exam city will also be made on April 30. Therefore, you should start preparing for the exam now.

If you want to apply for CUET UG 2023, you can visit the official website nta.ac.in and cuet.samarth.ac.in to gather all the necessary information.

In conclusion, if you are interested in applying for CUET UG 2023, you should keep these dates in mind and prepare accordingly. This extension of the application deadline provides an opportunity for more candidates to apply, so make sure to submit your application before the deadline. Good luck!

International Women's Day Celebrations at Government Degree College Billawar: Focus on Women's Health and Technology for Gender Equality.

Government Degree College Billawar celebrated International Women’s Day with great enthusiasm and zeal on March 8, 2023. The Women Development Cell in collaboration with the NSS Unit of the college organized a Seminar and a Medical Camp on “Women Health Issues and their Recovery Measures”. The main theme for 2023 women’s Day was “Digit ALL: Innovation and Technology for Gender Equality”.

The program was initiated with the lighting of the lamp ceremony, which was followed by the keynote speakers for the seminar, Dr. Savitya and Dr. Bhanu Priya from AYUSH department, Government of India. They discussed various topics related to women’s health issues, including the importance of technology in healthcare, the use of alternative medicine for women's health, and the role of diet in maintaining good health.

Prof. Anita Jamwal, Principal of the college, graced the occasion as the chief guest and congratulated all the faculty members and students on this auspicious day. Dr. Rajni, Convener of Women Development Cell, also shared her views on the occasion. Many students participated in this program by reciting poetry and speeches, emphasizing the significance of gender equality and women's empowerment.

The Medical Camp organized by the college was an excellent initiative to provide healthcare facilities to women. The doctors provided consultations and check-ups to the women, addressing their health concerns and prescribing measures to take care of their well-being. The program was an immense success as many women participated in it, and their issues were addressed with the utmost care and concern.

The proceedings of the program were conducted by Dr. Pinkey, Co-convener of Women Development Cell, and the vote of thanks was presented by Dr. Kulbir Singh, NSS Program Officer of the college. Many distinguished faculty members were present at the event, including Prof. Lekh Raj, Prof. Rakesh, Prof. Yash Paul, Dr. Arun, Dr. Maqeem, Dr. Suram, Dr. Manu, Prof. Sunita, Dr. Rimmi, Dr. Renu, Dr. Shakeeb, and Dr. Kirpal.

The event was a great success in raising awareness about women's health issues and the need for technology and innovation to improve the quality of healthcare services. The college's efforts in organizing such an event are highly commendable and should be continued in the future to promote gender equality and women's empowerment.

Inviting Online Applications for National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET-UG) 2023 - Public Notice

What is the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) and who is conducting it in India in 2023? What is the duration of the examination and how many questions will be asked? In how many languages will the examination be conducted? When can candidates submit their application forms and pay the fee? What is the last date for the successful transaction of the fee? Who is required to qualify for NEET for admission to BSc Nursing Course in Armed Forces Medical Service Hospitals for the year 2023? What are the fees payable by different categories of candidates for taking the NEET (UG)-2023? When will the NEET (UG)-2023 examination be conducted, and when will the results be announced?

The National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) is a common and uniform national entrance test for admission to undergraduate medical courses in all medical institutions in India. The National Testing Agency (NTA) is conducting NEET (UG)-2023.

The NEET (UG)-2023 examination will consist of 200 multiple-choice questions, with 50 questions in each subject of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (Botany and Zoology). The duration of the examination will be 200 minutes (03 hours 20 minutes), and it will be conducted on May 7, 2023, from 02:00 PM to 05:20 PM (Indian Standard Time).

The examination will be conducted in 13 languages: English, Hindi, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

Candidates can submit their online application forms for NEET (UG)-2023 from March 6, 2023, to April 6, 2023 (up to 09:00 PM). The last date for a successful transaction of the fee is April 6, 2023 (up to 11:50 PM).

MNS (Military Nursing Service) aspirants seeking admission to the BSc Nursing Course being conducted at Armed Forces Medical Service Hospitals for the year 2023 are required to qualify NEET.

The fee payable by different categories of candidates for taking NEET (UG)-2023 is as follows:

General - Rs. 1700/- General-EWS/OBC-NCL - Rs. 1600/- SC/ST/PWBD/Third Gender - Rs. 1000/- Centers Outside India - $9500/-

Processing charges and Goods and Services Tax (GST) are to be paid by the candidate, as applicable.

The date for the announcement of the city of examination and downloading of admit cards from the NTA website will be intimated later. The display of recorded responses and answer keys and the declaration of the result on the NTA website will also be announced later.

Capacity Building & Training Workshop on Sustainable Goals Development in Jammu and Kashmir

The Department of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj Government of Jammu and Kashmir is organizing a Capacity Building & Training Workshop on Sustainable Goals Development under the Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan. This workshop is being held at the Government Degree College Billawar and is expected to be attended by a large number of participants.

The workshop is being inaugurated by the Honorable Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, Shri Manoj Sinha, and the Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi, has also extended his support to this initiative. The workshop is being held with the aim of developing the skills and knowledge of the participants in the area of Sustainable Goals Development.

Sustainable development is a critical issue that is facing the world today. It is essential to ensure that we use our resources in a responsible and sustainable way, so that future generations can also benefit from them. The Sustainable Goals Development workshop is an excellent opportunity for participants to learn about the latest trends and best practices in this field.

The workshop will cover a wide range of topics, including sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, waste management, water conservation, and more. The participants will also be provided with hands-on training and practical experience in these areas. The objective of the workshop is to equip the participants with the necessary skills and knowledge to contribute to the sustainable development of their communities.

The Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan is an important initiative by the government of India to promote rural development and empower local communities. It focuses on strengthening the Panchayati Raj institutions and ensuring that they have the necessary resources and capacity to effectively deliver services to the people. The Capacity Building & Training Workshop on Sustainable Goals Development is a significant step towards achieving these objectives.

In conclusion, the Capacity Building & Training Workshop on Sustainable Goals Development is an essential initiative that will play a critical role in promoting sustainable development in Jammu and Kashmir. The participation of the Honorable Lieutenant Governor and the Honorable Prime Minister is a clear indication of the government's commitment to this issue. The workshop is an excellent opportunity for participants to learn about the latest trends and best practices in sustainable development and to contribute to the development of their communities.